在最開始,要先介紹下essay的結構,一般1000-2000字的essay,五段法是非常標準的結構。本文以1500字Essay為例為大家介紹寫作結構以及常用句式。
1.INTRODUCTION
開頭的Introduction一段,占10%, 150個字。—Introduction部分的撰寫只需要遵守[10句話原則]
第1句背景介紹:Background:Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on …
第2句關鍵詞定義:Definition of key term(s): While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this paper will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it as …
第3句課題的重要性:Importance of topic:In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key factor in …
或者為什么選擇這個題目:Reasons for researching topic:Despite its long clinical success, X has a number of problems in use. However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect on …
第4句之前研究的不足:Highlighting inadequacies of previous studies:Although extensive research has been carried out on X, no single study exists which …
第5句研究方法:Brief mention of your methodology:A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used in the data analysis.
第6句我研究方法的優勢和不足:Indicating significance:The present research explores, for the first time, the effects of …However, due to practical constraints, this paper cannot provide a comprehensive review of…
第7句觀點陳述:Statement: The main issues addressed in this paper are:a), b) and c).
第8-10句全文結構:Outlining the structure:This paper first gives a brief overview of the recent history of X. The third chapter is concerned with the methodology used for this study. The fourth section presents the findings of the research, focusing on the three key themes that …
2. MAINBODY
中間的主體部分占80%。如果是3段,大概每段占25%左右,就是400字一段。如果是4段,每段占20%,每段就是300字左右。
Main body不管分成3段還是4段,這幾段的結構基本是一樣的。主要包括四個部分,主題句+例子+分析+結尾句。寫這部分的時候可以先不追求細節,免得影響思路。先把outline列出來就好。
第1句 主題句Topic sentence:為了和前面銜接的更好,可以用despite開頭,比如:Despite the focus on xxx, it appears that ...., while ......
第2和第3句 舉例說明Supporting evidence:Somebody suggests/argues (author,year)......
第3和第4句提出你的觀點或者對比之前的引用 Analysis: 可以之前研究的不足,或者之前不同觀點的矛盾之處等等。如果第一段提出觀點,比如So what kind of balabalaba,那么第二段的這個地方就用 In addition, 開頭來和前面呼應。第三段用Therefore 來和前面兩段呼應。
第5句 結尾句Concluding sentence:一句話總結觀點并且和上下呼應,這個很難有template,大家根據內容自己總結就好。
3.CONCLUSION
結尾的conclusion也是一段,同樣占10%,150個字—根據主體部分開始寫conclusion.
這部分不需要有新的觀點或者引用,完全是總結上面的內容。但是記住,不能直接抄上面的句子,要rewrite。這部分遵循[4句話原則]
第一句總結前面所討論的內容:Summary of the main themes: :From the review of the current literature, it can be seen that.....
第二句 指出前面研究的不足: gap: While much of the previous literature has focussed on...., there have been few studies which examine.....
第三句 過渡句 連接上下面,引出你自己的觀點:Link gap to writer’s own research: Thus there is scope for further research which...
第四句 簡要總結你自己的觀點:summary of writer’s own research: Therefore, this study aims to...
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